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  • Parapsychology Education
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  • Rhine Research Center
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Syllabus: A Skeptical Approach to Parapsychology


Course Description

Every good scientist recognizes the importance of taking a skeptical perspective to research and study results. From examinations of early spiritualists to recent psi challenges, skeptics have played an active role in the progress of parapsychology and our understanding of psi phenomena.

This course will discuss parapsychology from a skeptical perspective including an evaluation of how skeptics have helped and hindered the progress of the science. Important concepts of critical thinking will be introduced, including how true skeptical thinking has been a part of the parapsychological process both in and out of the lab.

This course will also look at popular misunderstandings and misconceptions about psi phenomena, the onset of pseudo-skepticism, and the role of true skepticism in scientific investigations.


Course Outline


  • Skeptical Approach to Parapsychology

    1. What is Skepticism? Why is true skepticism important?

      • Skepticism: doubt, not disbelief or belief
      • The importance of Critical Thinking
      • What is Critical Thinking?
      • How to approach a Mystery in human experience or natural phenomena
    2. Early skeptics and spiritualism

      • The SPR/ASPR researchers, methods, and skepticism
      • The rise of Experimental Parapsychology
      • How researchers kept their own skepticism
    3. The rise of organized “skepticism”

      • The founding of CSICOP and the early split of founding members
      • Skepticism vs. pseudo-skepticism
      • The relationship to parapsychological research
    4. The role of Magicians in relation to Parapsychology

      • A bit of history of magicians and psychical research/parapsychology
      • The influence of the Amazing Randi (and Uri Geller) on public perception and research
      • Project Alpha and the fallout for Parapsychology
      • The Million Dollar Challenge: Analysis and Impact
    1. Skepticism, the Media, and Popular Culture

      • The influence of organized Skepticism and specific personalities (CSICOP, Randi) on the general public and the media
      • The influence of the media and other pop culture misconceptions and wild claims of practitioners and others on the general public and other media
      • The rise of ghost hunters based on reality TV and the Internet (and the disconnect with Parapsychology and true skepticism – and Science in general)
    2. Field Investigation – Ghost Hunting: skepticism and criticism

      • Methods based on TV shows
      • How and why to judge “evidence” gathered
      • How and why to assess equipment and claims of what the tech can do
      • Applying critical thinking in investigations
      • The difference between “debunking” and “explaining/understanding”
    1. A history of Skeptical criticisms of psi research

      • Most used criticisms and their applicability to psi in general, to psi research in general, to specific research methods and controls, and to conclusions from the research
      • Criticism from a true science perspective vs. dismissal based on belief
      • General challenges for psi research
      • “Skeptical” response to Bem precognition study
      • A case of being skeptical about Skeptics: Reber & Alcock article on “Why Parapsychological Claims Cannot Be True” and the skeptical response to the article by a Skeptic (and others)
    2. Helped or Hindered or Both?

      • Critical thinking review
      • Have Skeptics helped the field of Parapsychology, and if so, how?
      • Have the Skeptics hindered the field of Parapsychology, and if so, how?
      • How has a skeptical approach and feedback by those outside and inside the field (rather than self-proclaimed Skeptics) helped or hindered the field?
      • Skeptic vs. Believer vs. Disbeliever
      • Critical Thinking Review
      • How to approach a “mystery” review
      • Skeptical of Ghost hunting and tech Summary

Course Materials

Suggested Readings:

There is no specific text for this class, however, students will be provided with short readings or videos which will help them to better understand content of the lectures.


Course Activities

  • Students will be expected to view the class broadcasts or the recordings of the classes each week.
  • Students will be expected to participate in weekly discussion forums and activities. Each student will be expected to provide an original posting each week and to respond to at least one other student in the discussion forums. Greater participation in this area will be considered during class evaluations.
  • One multiple choice or short answer evaluations will be assigned after the 4th or 5th week of class.
  • Students will submit a final project based on the specifications in the courseroom.

Evaluations and Grading

Students who are taking the course for a grade will be assessed using a letter grade based on the standard letter grade format.

A – 90 - 100

B – 80 – 89

C – 70 – 79

D – 60 – 69

F – Below 60

Participation in the forums is a large component of the grading, and substantive postings are necessary to get full credit for each discussion topic.

The following activities will be considered to contribute to the courses as follows:

Discussions (Total 40%): 5 points for each of the 8 weeks including responses to other people's posts

Assessment #1 (30%)

Final Project (30%)


Syllabus: Special Topics in the Paranormal - Non-traditional technologies for investigations


Course Description

This 4-week course will go beyond the tools usually associated with paranormal investigations. Students will examine a wide range of technologies and applications allowing for a deeper exploration of paranormal phenomena. Emphasis will be placed on properly deploying these technologies during field investigations and how to interpret the resulting data.

The course will explore both quantitative (numerical) and qualitative (experiential) data collection techniques. Topics will include understanding and measuring human physiology and biofields, testing non-local effects on random number generators, documenting the intuitive processes of investigators, and more.

Students will come away with a new appreciation for the complex relationships between various paranormal phenomena and an expanded set of tools to use during their own investigations.


Course Outline

Week 1: Field Work in Parapsychology

In this first week, we’ll briefly review relevant phenomena, and define the roles and relationships between equipment and investigators in field work. We will also gain an appreciation for a mixed methods approach (qualitative and quantitative) to field investigations through examples pulled from real-world case reports.

Week 2: Gadgets and Gear: Beyond Beeping Boxes and Blinking Lights

Over the years, paranormal researchers have amassed a vast tool box of devices to assist them in their field work. In this class, we’ll examine some atypical investigation devices, and also explore new ways to breathe life back into your existing toolkit using new techniques. Finally, we’ll take a look at resources to help you create your own investigation tools.

Week 3: The Human Instrument: Experiencing the Paranormal

While electronics can be helpful in documenting various aspects of paranormal investigations, incorporating phenomenological (experiential), physiological, and properly controlled psi-focused techniques can provide a deeper understanding of reported phenomena. Examples include field recording and analysis of psychophysiological data (heart rate, skin conductance, body temperature, etc.), dowsing, remote viewing, lucid dreaming, mobile ganzfeld, and the use and scoring of other types of standardized research instruments (questionnaires and surveys).

Week 4: Putting it all Together: Building a Better Investigation

In the final class we’ll bring all these elements together to see how mixed methods techniques can be deployed in the field. We’ll also review some specific experiments that students can try on their own. Finally, we’ll discuss ways to report findings to a larger audience so they can help add to the body of research findings.


Course Materials

There is no specific text for this class, however, students will be provided with short readings or videos which will help them to better understand content of the lectures.


Course Activities

Students will be expected to view the class broadcasts or the recordings of the classes each week and participate in any live discussions during class. Students will be expected to participate in weekly written discussion forums and activities. Each student will be expected to provide an original posting each week and to respond to at least one other student in the discussion forums.

One multiple choice or short answer final evaluation will be assigned after the 4th class. This will be due 10 days after the final class is broadcast.


Evaluation and Grading

Students who are taking the course for a grade will be assessed using a letter grade based on the standard letter grade format.

  • A – 90 – 100
  • B – 80 – 89
  • C – 70 – 79
  • D – 60 – 69
  • F – Below 60

Participation in the forums is a large component of the grading, and substantive postings are necessary to get full credit for each discussion topic.

The following activities will be considered to contribute to the courses as follows:

Discussions (4) 40%
Final Evaluation (1) 60%
Total: 100%




Syllabus: The Power of Nature - The science, folklore & practices of evoking the Divine


Course Description

How does Nature reveal the divine, the miraculous, and mystical, and what are the similarities between cultures that give us profound insight into its power?

This 4-week survey course will review paramount movements through the ages to discover how nature has enabled humans to connect with the deeper consciousness of all living things. Students will explore how the people of the world share a reverence for nature, considering it to be divine, sacred, or populated by spiritual beings, and how ancient beliefs and present-day movements are influencing attempts to use the powerful forces of Nature to conjure the extraordinary and the unimaginable.

As we critically examine a multitude of nature-based practices, such as the belief in supernatural beings and supernatural forces, we will introduce concepts used in ancient and modern movements such as animism, alchemy, astrology, biodynamics, bioenergetics, druidry, hermeticism, geomagnetism, green magic, qigong, natural healing, nature spirituality, mythology, polytheism, shamanism, Shintoism, tribal nature-based religions, wiccan, etc. This journey will enable students to gain an introduction and deeper appreciation of our connection to nature and how it governs our own psychic and conscious development, nurturing our connection to nature's more ethereal realms.


Course Outline

Week 1: The Foundation

  • Nature as Divine, Laws of Nature, Gaia
  • Cosmic forces, electromagnetic and subtle energies
  • Etheric and living forces forming our world
  • Human aura and energy fields

Week 2: Nature Based Folklore and World Practices

  • Nature and Psi through the Ages: Aboriginal practices, Egyptians and Sumerians, Mycenaens and Minoans, Socrates and Plato, Shamanism, Alchemy, Paracelsus, Hermetic traditions, Voodoo, Druidry, Wicca, Green Magic, Feng Shui, Shintoism, Tenrikyo, Pantheism, Hebraic, Hinduism, indigenous practices, biodynamics, dowsing, etc./li>

Week 3: Nature's Superbeings & Supernatural Forces

  • Elemental beings, the hierarchical order of entities and how to meet and speak to them
  • Plants as mystical portals, power of crystals, and sacred places
  • Communication with the mineral, plant, animal and fungi kingdoms
  • The role of mythical beings such as mermaids, gargoyles, unicorns, dragons, chimeras, etc

Week 4: Nature as Human Spiritual Activities

  • Phenomena of expanded consciousness, our bodies as carriers of our inner experience and as divination instruments and integrating natural sciences with Spirit.
  • The role of connecting and actively interacting with Nature for a better understanding of the Science of Psi.

Course Materials

Suggested Readings and Resources

  • Top five:
    • Hidden Nature by Alick Bartholomew,
    • The Green Fuse by Hilary Miflin,
    • The Loom of Creation by Dennis Milner and Edward Smart,
    • Beyond Supernature by Lyall Watson,
    • Primary Perception by Steve Backster
  • Additional Optional Readings:
    • Spiritual Hierarchies and the Physical World by Rudolf Steiner,
    • Divine Nature by Michael Cremo and Mukunda Goswami,
    • The Spirit in the Realm of Plants by Rudolf Steiner,
    • The Divine Code of Life by Kazuo Murakami,
    • The Faery Faith by Serena Roney-Dougal,
    • Biogeometry Signatures by Ibrahim Karim,
    • Goethe's Science of Living Form: the Artistic Stages by Nigel Hoffman,
    • The Wholeness of Nature by Henri Bortoft,
    • Shamanism and the Mystery Lines by Paul Devereux,
    • Energetic Anatomy by Mark Rich
  • Additional recommendations for further study will be available in the courseroom

Course Activities

Students will be expected to view the class broadcasts or the recordings of the classes each week and participate in any live discussions during class. Students will be expected to participate in weekly written discussion forums and activities. Each student will be expected to provide an original posting each week and to respond to at least one other student in the discussion forums.

Complete a final project as defined in the courseroom. A paper discussing your studies of a topic related to nature and psi.


Evaluation and Grading

Students who are taking the course for a grade will be assessed using a letter grade based on the standard letter grade format.

  • A – 90 – 100
  • B – 80 – 89
  • C – 70 – 79
  • D – 60 – 69
  • F – Below 60

Participation in the forums is a large component of the grading, and substantive postings are necessary to get full credit for each discussion topic.

The following activities will be considered to contribute to the courses as follows:

Discussion Participation 40%
Final Project 60%




Syllabus: Paranormal Case Studies


Course Description

Learn about the paranormal through the study of investigations and reports of apparitions, hauntings, and poltergeists.

This 8-week course will take a deep look at a hand-picked group of professional investigations of apparitions, hauntings, and poltergeists, as well as significant surveys of similar experiences. Included will be key cases (like the Seaford Poltergeist case which produced the RSPK model), important investigative methods, and a discussion of two major surveys of spontaneous psi experiences and what they say about psi in general.

Instructor Loyd Auerbach will present his own cases with details, video shot on site, and insights that have not made it into published reports or television interviews. Students will have the opportunity to ask deeper questions about Auerbach’s cases.


Course Outline


  • Paranormal Case Studies

    1. Course Overview & Discussion of Case Studies

      • Overview of the course
      • Review of definitions/labels related to phenomena
      • What to look for in case studies
      • Quick Case Examples
        • Garden Grove Apparition Case (with video from Sightings)
        • Kasicki Case, Archer, Florida (with video from Haunted America)
        • Petaluma Rock-Throwing Poltergeist
        • Martinez “Environmental Hell” Case
    2. Key First Hand Cases

      • “The Black Knight of Petaluma"
        • Context of the Investigation and Investigators
        • What was first reported
        • Backstory of the witnesses
        • First visit and witnesses
        • Further research
        • Second visit and witnesses
        • Conclusions
      • “Lois of Livermore”
        • Context of the Investigation and Investigators
        • What was first reported
        • Backstory of the witnesses
        • First visit and witnesses
        • Further research
        • Conclusions
        • Follow-up with the Family
    3. The Seminal RSPK Case: The Seaford Poltergeist (1958)

      • Background
      • The witnesses and investigators, including:
        • Police
        • Firefighters
        • Magicians
        • Parapsychologists
      • Conclusions and the RSPK Model
    4. The Moss Beach Distillery Investigation Since 1991

      • Context of the Investigation and Investigators
      • History of the Sightings and Experiences
      • First visit and witnesses
      • Further research and so many visits
      • Video testimony
      • Conclusions
      • Sightings of the Blue Lady away from the Distillery
    5. Key Surveys and Experiments with Hauntings

      • The SPR’s Census of Hallucinations (19th Century)
      • John Palmer’s Survey with Charlottesville, VA, residents (1970s)
      • The Evolution of the Haunting Methodology of Gertrude Schmeidler
      • Gertrude Schmeidler’s Initial “Experiments” with Hauntings
      • Next Steps
      • Replications (with some changes) by Schmeidler, George Hansen, and Michaeleen Maher
    6. First Hand Accounts of Investigations

      • The Living Apparition (and Haunting) in Marin, California
        • Context of the Investigation and Investigators
        • What was first reported
        • Backstory of the witnesses
        • First visit and witnesses
        • Further research
        • Second visit with a psychic
        • Additional information from locals
        • Conclusions
      • The Banta Inn, Tracy, California (late 80s into the 90s)
        • Context of the Investigation and Investigators
        • What was first reported
        • Backstory of the key witnesses
        • First visit and witnesses
        • Further research
        • Additional visits with and without psychics/mediums
        • Conclusions
    7. The USS Hornet Aircraft Carrier Museum: Since 1999

      • Context of the Investigation and Investigators
      • History of the Sightings and Experiences
      • First visit and witnesses
      • Further research and so many visits
      • Video testimony
      • Conclusions
    8. A Reincarnation Case, A Case of Psychic Fraud, and Conclusions

      • From the files of the University of Virginia: A Case of the Reincarnation Type
        • Context of the Investigation and Investigators
        • Background of the Case and Individuals Involved
        • Interviews and Research
        • Conclusions
        • General Issues for Investigation of Cases of the Reincarnation Type
      • A Case of Psychic Fraud: Ronny Marcus
        • Background of Israeli psychic Ronny Marcus: Claimed PK Abilities
        • Background of his visit to the US: How did it happen and Who brought him?
        • Initial meeting with researchers at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
        • Demonstrations and Discussion at Rosebridge Graduate School (with video)
        • Meeting with scientists at University of California, Santa Cruz (including two magician colleagues of Auerbach)
        • End Results
      • Case Studies: Conclusions and Lessons Learned (and More to Learn)

Course Materials

Suggested Readings:

There is no specific text for this class, however, students will be provided with short readings or videos which will help them to better understand content of the lectures.


Course Activities

  • Students will be expected to view the class broadcasts or the recordings of the classes each week.
  • Students will be expected to participate in weekly discussion forums and activities. Each student will be expected to provide an original posting each week and to respond to at least one other student in the discussion forums. Greater participation in this area will be considered during class evaluations.
  • One multiple choice or short answer evaluations will be assigned after the 4th or 5th week of class.
  • Students will submit a final project based on the specifications in the courseroom.

Evaluations and Grading

Students who are taking the course for a grade will be assessed using a letter grade based on the standard letter grade format.

A – 90 - 100

B – 80 – 89

C – 70 – 79

D – 60 – 69

F – Below 60

Participation in the forums is a large component of the grading, and substantive postings are necessary to get full credit for each discussion topic.

The following activities will be considered to contribute to the courses as follows:

Discussions (Total 40%): 5 points for each of the 8 weeks including responses to other people's posts

Assessment #1 (30%)

Final Project (30%)


Syllabus: Presenting the Paranormal to the Public


Course Description

This course presents a practical skills approach to talking/writing about psychic/paranormal topics and parapsychology.

Students will gain an understanding of the importance of writing/speaking to general and specific audiences and how to do this. Included will be an emphasis on public speaking (including overcoming any fear of speaking in public) and media (how to be a good interview subject), as well as some basic marketing and publicity skills. Students will learn the best ways to personally come across credibly, to present the topics in an understandable way, and in a way that creates a positive impact.

Whether you are planning to write a book or articles or speak/lecture to general or paranormal-interested audiences, or even teach workshops, this course will provide the “how to” skills you’ll need to be understood and appreciated by your audiences. While the emphasis will be on psi-related topics, these skills will serve you well in a variety of contexts (maybe even your “real” jobs).


Course Outline


  • Presenting the Paranormal to the Public

    1. How to Sound (and Be) Credible When Talking About the Paranormal

      • Credibility – What does that mean?
      • What does being an expert on the paranormal actually mean, and can you be one?
      • Who are you speaking to/writing for? (Identifying the Audience)
      • Jargon/Language around the paranormal, psychic, New Age, and related phenomena, experiences, beliefs, and practice
      • How to be understood by your Audience while sounding credible (and being credible): Translating jargon into appropriate language
      • Credible communication: language, knowledge, and the ability and willingness to refer to others
    2. Speaking/Lecturing/Teaching About the Paranormal

      • The importance of Public Speaking/Presentation Skills in general
      • How to Be a Good Speaker (The Speak As Yourself Method)
      • Public Speaking vs. Teaching
      • Presenting the Paranormal in spoken word
      • How NOT to be Boring
      • Dealing with Q & A
      • Reflecting on the Importance of Humor
      • Speaking to a professional audience (like a conference presentation including researchers)
    3. How to Handle Being Interviewed

      • General Good Media Skills (being a good interview subject)
      • Live vs. Recorded interviews
      • Being interviewed for TV, video, and video-enabled podcasts
      • Being interviewed for radio and podcasts
      • Being interviewed for print/written articles
      • Stories/Anecdotes
      • Dealing with Pseudo-Skeptics, Skeptics, and True Believers
    4. Writing and Promoting the Paranormal (and other stuff)

      • Making your writing about the Paranormal credible, interesting, and understood
      • Promotion: Traditional Media, Social Media, and other Opportunities
      • Are you promoting a subject, a project, an organization, yourself? All of the above?
      • The importance of being knowledgeable vs. personal branding
      • The importance of being a resource for Media and others in promotion
      • Who are YOU in relation to the Paranormal?
      • How do you want to be seen?
      • Presenting the Paranormal – and Yourself – A Summary

Course Materials

Suggested Readings:

There is no specific text for this class, however, students will be provided with short readings or videos which will help them to better understand content of the lectures.


Course Activities

  • Students will be expected to view the class broadcasts or the recordings of the classes each week.
  • Students will be expected to participate in weekly discussion forums and activities. Each student will be expected to provide an original posting each week and to respond to at least one other student in the discussion forums. Greater participation in this area will be considered during class evaluations.
  • A Final Project will be required to pass the course, details regarding due date and length to be discussed in class:

    A detailed assessment/critique of one or more paranormal authors/experts’ appearances (lecture) or interviews (video such as YouTube, podcast or lengthy radio interview) - lecture or interview should be minimum 30 minutes. Assess how well they:

    • made psychic/paranormal phenomena concepts and terminology understandable
    • did as a speaker/presenter or teacher
    • credibility based on their delivery, appearance, voice, etc.

 


Evaluations and Grading

Students who are taking the course for a grade will be assessed based on thier participation and performance on the assigments.

Participation in the forums is a large component of the grading, and substantive postings are necessary to get full credit for each discussion topic.

The following activities will be considered to contribute to the courses as follows:

Discussions (Total 40%): 10 points for each of the 4 weeks including responses to other people's posts

Final Project (60%)

More Articles …

  1. Syllabus - Introduction to Lucid Dreaming
  2. Syllabus - Religious Perspectives on Psi
  3. Syllabus - Exploring Exceptional Experiences
  4. Syllabus - Dreams & ASC
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Areas of Study

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  • Current Courses at the Rhine Education Center
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  • School of Consciousness Studies
  • School of Applied Sciences
  • School of Liberal Arts & Creative Sciences
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  • Certificate Programs
  • Course Schedules
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  • Professional Education in Parapsychology
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